As the festive season celebrations unfold, the holiday season does not only bring joy but also an unfortunate increase in gender-based violence (GBV) crimes.
Namibia is not excluded. The holidays, traditionally are times of elation and togetherness, can unfortunately become a breeding ground for tensions and fights. Heightened family tension can rise from a variety of sources, including financial pressure, alcohol abuse, strained relationship, and unrealistic expectations (Nyaga, 2024). Financial strains, specifically, can be a significant trigger for abusive behaviours, the pressure to meet increased expenditures during holidays, coupled with the desire to provide a memorable experience for loved ones, such as presents, hosting events, attending celebrations, can lead to financial stress that can result in domestic disputes. This stress can manifest in arguments, frustration, and in some cases in violence (Connections for abused Women and their children (CAWC, 2023). Moreover, increasing alcohol consumption during the holiday season is another factor that exacerbates gender-based violence.
According to World Health Organisation (WHO) (2013), alcohol impairs judgement and lowers inhibitions by affecting the brain’s prefrontal cortex, leading to reduced impulse control, poorer decision-making, and increased risk-taking, often resulting in actions that cause violence.
Furthermore, Graham (1980) postulates that alcohol affects the function of the areas of the brain that are associated with inhibition and behaviour control, making individuals more prone to engage in aggressive or violent behaviour; for some excessive drinking can escalate conflicts and lead to harmful outcome.
Family get-togethers can sometimes act as a catalyst for domestic violence. The presence of extended family can either inhibit or exacerbate violent behaviour. In some cases, family members may even normalise or trivialise the abuse, making it difficult for victims to speak out.
Also, the delusion of togetherness, the societal emphasis on family and togetherness during the holidays can also be a contributing factor. Survivors may be more reluctant to leave or report their abusers during this time, fearing they will ruin the holidays for their family members with whom they normally observe the holidays (CAWC, 2023).
The expectation to maintain cheerful conduct, combined with the stress of family interactions, can lead to sensitive feelings, for those already in volatile relationships, these emotional triggers can intensify conflicts into physical violence (Hill,1949). Therefore, it is crucial to recognise that domestic violence is indeed a serious and pervasive issue that transcends boundaries of gender, race, irrespective of socioeconomic status, background, education or profession.
By understanding the factors that contribute to increased domestic violence during the festive season, you can better support your loved ones and friends who might be experiencing violence. Let’s continue to stand up, speak out, and break the cycle.
*Mwenda Mubuyaeta-Sanandwa is a GBV specialist (MA criminology and social policy), social worker (BA (Hons) social work), with over 13 years working experience in a helping profession.