Dr David N Emvula

In recent months, a troubling trend has emerged at our Windhoek state hospitals.  Teenage pregnancies are on the rise, igniting a wave of concern among healthcare workers. 

This increase has prompted calls for a renewed focus on prevention, education and support systems. 

A growing issue 

Data from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Namibia reveals a concerning teenage pregnancy rate of 19% – that is nearly one out five teen girls.  The education ministry stated that 147 teenagers got pregnant during the first term of this year in the Zambezi region. 

Just a week ago at Katutura State Hospital, 16 babies were born by teenage mothers within five days.  Reports from the education ministry showed that the number of pregnancy-related school dropouts increased from 1 560 in 2019 to 2 291 in 2020, and 3 658 in 2021.  Several factors contribute to the increase in teenage pregnancies. Experts point to a combination of social, economic and educational factors.

Lack of comprehensive sex education 

Many schools are still not providing thorough sex education, leaving teenagers with insufficient knowledge about contraception and sexual health.

Economic disparities

Teenagers from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to experience unplanned pregnancies due to limited access to healthcare and educational resources, as well as economic dependence, especially in May-December relationships.

Social and cultural influences

 Peer pressure, media portrayals and cultural attitudes towards teenage pregnancy also play significant roles.

Impact 

The consequences of teenage pregnancy are far-reaching. Pregnant teenagers often face significant challenges, including interrupted education, limited career opportunities and increased serious medical complications associated with teenage pregnancy and childbirth, which are: caesarean sections; preterm labour, resulting in babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit; hypertension in pregnancy; postpartum haemorrhage, which can sometimes result in a removing the womb as well as maternal and perinatal mortality. 

Communities also bear the burden, with increased demand for social services and support programmes. Schools, healthcare systems and social services are often stretched thin as they attempt to address the needs of young families. 

Action 

To combat this rising trend, possible solutions call for a multifaceted approach. 

Enhanced education programmes 

Schools need to implement comprehensive sex education that covers not only the biological aspects of reproduction but also the emotional and social dimensions. 

The health ministry must put programmes in place to retain scholars and strategies to prevent unintended or early fatherhood.

Increased access to healthcare 

Ensuring that teenagers have access to affordable contraception and reproductive health services in respectful, patient-centred care, and creating an enabling, adolescent and youth-friendly environment at our health facilities.

Support for at-risk youth

Programmes that provide mentorship, counselling and support for teens in vulnerable situations can help prevent early pregnancies, and provide guidance for those who are already pregnant. 

The legal and justice system

Raising awareness about the legal consequences of statutory rape can serve as a deterrent and to be efficient where crimes of statutory rape and gender-based violence have been proven.

Looking ahead 

As the nation grapples with this rising issue, there is hope that a renewed focus on education, prevention and support can lead to positive changes. By addressing the root causes and providing adequate resources, it is possible to turn the tide and ensure that young people have the knowledge and support they need to make informed decisions about their futures. 

As we move forward, the focus must remain on creating an environment where teenage pregnancies are not only prevented but where those who do face these challenges are given the support they need to succeed. 

We have a collective responsibility to ensure that every teenager has the opportunity to thrive, free from the challenges of early pregnancy. 

*Dr David N Emvula is a specialist obstetrician and gynaecologist at OB-GYN Practice. He is also the head of department of obstetrics and gynaecology at Windhoek Central Hospital.