Public Wi-Fi is known as a wireless connection to the internet that is accessible in public places like hotels, airports, restaurants, shopping malls and libraries, offering free or easy access to the internet. A public Wi-Fi network can either be open (unsecured) or encrypted (secured). 

An encrypted public Wi-Fi requires a password or account creation to login for access. An open public Wi-Fi network, on the other hand, does not require a password to connect, and this means anyone can join the network without any authentication which makes it more vulnerable and prone to hacking. 

It is important for internet users to be aware of the risks associated with using unsecured open free Wi-Fi networks and how the public can stay safe while surfing the internet. While it can be tempting to connect to open networks for free Wi-Fi, a general lack of security measures makes these hot spots easy for hackers to intercept sensitive information like passwords, credit card numbers, and personal information. 

Using public Wi-Fi poses several cybersecurity risks, including Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) at tacks where hackers intercept and alter communications, packet sniffing that allows cybercriminals to spy on users’ online activities, and malware distribution through exploited device vulnerabilities that can lead to spyware or ransomware infections. 

Additionally, hackers may create malicious hotspots which are fake Wi-Fi networks designed to trick users into connecting, enabling them to steal data or redirect users to harmful websites. 

HOW TO STAY SAFE ON OPEN WI-FI NETWORKS 

Make use of Virtual Private Networks (VPN): One of the best ways to minimise public Wi-Fi security risks is by using a VPN. VPN encrypts your internet traffic, making it much harder for hackers to intercept and read your data. 

Enable Multifactor Authentication: 

Consider enabling multifactor authentication on accounts in addition to passwords as an extra layer of protection. Even if someone gains access to your details and login credentials, they will still need the second factor, e.g. a verification code via your phone or email, to have full access your account. 

Avoid Sensitive Transactions: 

Minimise sharing sensitive information when using public Wi-Fi. An addition, also avoid making financial transactions such as entering credit card details, making payments or inputting banking information while using public Wi-Fi. Confidential information such as banking and login details should only be accessed using secured internet. 

Turn Off Sharing Features: Public networks make it easier for others to access your device if file-sharing or printer-sharing features are enabled. Turn these features off on device system settings while on public Wi-Fi. 

Disable Auto-Connect: Most devices have an option to automatically connect to available Wi-Fi networks. Disabling this feature can prevent your device from connecting to insecure or rogue networks without your knowledge. 

Keep Software Updated: Ensure that your operating system, browser, and security software are up to date. Software updates often contain security patches that protect against newly discovered threats. 

Enable Device Firewall: Enable the firewall on your device to add another layer of protection against potential intrusions from public Wi-Fi networks 

Moreover, public Wi-Fi networks seem to be more convenient in providing easy access to the internet, however, they come with significant cybersecurity risks. Therefore, individuals must remain cautious while using public internet access and ensure the best security practices. By staying informed and practicing safe browsing habits, individuals can make use of public Wi-Fi without compromising their privacy or security.